Enamelware Inspection can be conducted from Multiple Demensions

Based on previous background on craftsmanship inspection, enamelware inspection can be conducted from multiple dimensions, with the core points as follows:

1. Body and Basic Craftsmanship Inspection
Genuine enamelware typically uses copper as its metal body, with uniform wall thickness, a solid feel, and visible hand-hammered marks, lacking the neat threads of modern machining. Counterfeit pieces have a porous body, uneven thickness, and are prone to deformation and collapse.

2. Glaze and Color Testing
Genuine enamelware has a glaze layer thickness that meets standards, with a uniform color and a glassy texture. Under side lighting, subtle orange-peel texture is visible, and there are no glaring artificial colors. Counterfeit enamelware has a thinner glaze layer; XRF testing can detect abnormally high levels of antimony and barium, and the glaze surface is prone to developing "black prickly heat" spots.

3. Verification of Patterns and Details
Genuine cloisonné has a flat trapezoidal cross-section, with naturally flowing bends in the copper wire, and the welding points are hidden under the glaze. Counterfeits often use right-angled cut wires, with exposed joints, stiff lines, and cluttered patterns that do not conform to the craftsmanship characteristics of the corresponding era.

4. Assessment of Patina and Aging
Genuine pieces have a warm, understated patina with naturally formed fine crackles, and the wear transition at contact points is smooth. Counterfeits have a superficial, waxy patina, and the artificially aged marks are stiff and uniform, lacking the layered texture formed by natural aging.
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